During which period was the viola de gamba most popular?

The viola de gamba was most popular during the Renaissance period, which is characterized by a rich exploration of art, culture, and music. This instrument, which is played between the legs (hence the name "de gamba"), became a staple in the instrumental ensembles of the time, particularly in France and Italy. The viol family, including the viola de gamba, was favored for its expressive capabilities and its close association with both chamber music and consort music.

The Renaissance period saw a development of polyphonic music, and the viola de gamba's tuning and sound made it particularly well-suited for this style. As composers began to write more expressive and intricate music, the viola de gamba became an integral part of the ensemble that performed this repertoire, alongside instruments like lutes and recorders.

By the time the Baroque period arrived, the viola de gamba's popularity began to wane, as it was supplanted by the more modern violin family. The transition to the Baroque era brought with it changes in musical styles, favoring different instruments and ensembles. Therefore, the peak of the viola de gamba’s usage aligns closely with the Renaissance, marking it as a significant period for this particular instrument.