How did early madrigals differ from late madrigals?

Early madrigals were characterized by a more straightforward approach to text-setting and tended to convey simpler emotions and narratives, often focusing on themes of love and nature. As the genre evolved into the late madrigal period, composers began to explore more complex musical forms and a greater emotional range. Late madrigals often incorporated sophisticated counterpoint, intricate harmonies, and expressive use of dissonance, leading to a wider portrayal of human feelings, including melancholy and drama.

This shift in emotional expressivity is evident in the late madrigal's use of text painting and more varied thematic material, reflecting a broader and deeper exploration of human experiences. Composers like Monteverdi exemplified these changes, pushing the boundaries of the form. Thus, the transition from early to late madrigals represents a movement from simplicity and light-heartedness to a more serious and multifaceted musical expression.