How many movements does a Sonata usually have?

A sonata typically consists of three movements, which is a standard practice particularly in the Classical period. The structure usually follows a fast-slow-fast format, with each movement displaying distinct characteristics and tempos.

The first movement is generally in sonata-allegro form, setting up thematic material. The second movement is typically slower, allowing for emotional expression and contrast. The final movement returns to a faster tempo, often bringing the work to a lively conclusion.

While there are exceptions, such as single-movement or four-movement sonatas, the three-movement form predominated in the works of composers like Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven, thereby establishing it as a fundamental aspect of sonata form in Western classical music.