How many movements does a Classical era symphony typically have?

A Classical era symphony typically consists of four movements, which became the standard structure during this period, roughly from the mid-18th century to the early 19th century.

The four-movement form usually includes:

1. First Movement: Often in sonata form, characterized by a lively tempo and an exposition that introduces two contrasting themes.

2. Second Movement: Generally slower, this movement can take various forms, such as theme and variations or ABA, often expressing a more lyrical and emotional quality.

3. Third Movement: Traditionally a minuet and trio or scherzo, this movement is usually in a moderate tempo and provides a light-hearted character before the final movement.

4. Fourth Movement: Typically a fast-paced finale that might be in sonata form or rondo, bringing the symphony to a vigorous conclusion.

The adherence to this four-movement structure allowed composers to explore a wide range of musical ideas, contrast moods, and provide a balanced overall experience for the listener. In contrast, while some compositions may have fewer or more movements, the four-movement symphony became the archetype during the Classical era, particularly through the works of composers like Haydn and Mozart.