In what context did Bach predominantly compose his cantatas?

Bach predominantly composed his cantatas within the context of church worship services, specifically for the Lutheran liturgical calendar. The cantatas were designed to enhance the worship experience, often reflecting the themes of the scripture readings and sermons for specific Sundays throughout the year. Each cantata would typically include a mix of vocal and instrumental music, featuring chorales, arias, and recitatives that served both to instruct the congregation and to elevate the spiritual atmosphere of the service.

Unlike theatrical performances or operatic contexts, which prioritize drama and spectacle, Bach’s cantatas were focused on worship and spiritual upliftment. Though he did write for royal courts and celebrations as well, the cantata's core purpose remained rooted in the church's liturgical practices. This distinguishes Bach's cantatas from music composed for theatrical venues, which often sought to entertain or engage an audience with storytelling rather than religious devotion.