What does "episodes" refer to in the analysis of a fugue?

In the analysis of a fugue, "episodes" refer to sections that connect the main subject entries. They typically consist of fragments of the subject that are manipulated and modulated through various means, such as sequence or variation, rather than presenting the subject in its complete form. This manipulation allows for a development of thematic material and creates contrast within the structure of the fugue.

Episodes serve as transitions between subject entries, offering both variety and cohesion to the overall piece. They are integral in developing the musical narrative without returning to the main subject too frequently. Understanding episodes in this way highlights their role in enhancing the complexity and richness of the fugue form, distinguishing them from other sections that might present the subject directly or function as full movements.