What does the term 'opera buffa' refer to?

The term 'opera buffa' specifically refers to a style of opera that is comedic in nature and characterized by light-hearted themes. Originating in Italy, opera buffa emerged in the 18th century as a counterpoint to the more serious opera seria. It often includes humorous situations, lively characters, and is typically written in a more accessible language, catering to a broader audience.

Opera buffa highlights everyday characters and situations, often using satire to comment on social norms or the aristocracy. Famous examples include works by composers such as Giovanni Battista Pergolesi and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, like "The Marriage of Figaro" and "Don Giovanni," which cleverly combine humor with poignant social commentary. This genre laid the foundation for the development of later operatic styles that continue to embrace comedic elements.

The other options describe different types of opera or theatrical forms: serious operas often deal with tragic themes, grand operas focus on spectacle and elaborate productions, and dance-based operas emphasize choreography and movement. Each of these categories showcases distinct characteristics and purposes that do not align with the defining features of opera buffa.