Which of the following best defines atonal music?

Atonal music is best defined by the absence of a key or tonal center. This means that the music does not adhere to the traditional structures of Western tonality, where melodies and harmonies are often organized around a central pitch, known as the tonic. In atonal compositions, no single note is emphasized as a focal point, allowing for greater explorations of dissonance, chromaticism, and other harmonic relationships without the constraints of traditional tonal frameworks.

The definition of atonal music showcases how composers utilize different approaches to music that diverge from established tonal conventions. This artistic freedom enables a range of expressive possibilities that challenge the listener’s expectations regarding harmony and melody.

In contrast, the other options describe characteristics of tonal music. The use of a consistent key refers to tonal music that stays within a particular key signature, while the emphasis on a specific tonal center is a hallmark of traditional harmonic organization. Although rhythm can play a significant role in various musical styles, emphasizing rhythm over melody does not pertain specifically to atonality, but rather reflects a different, separate aspect of musical composition.