Which of the following definitions best describes minimalist music?

Minimalist music is best defined as music characterized by short repeating phrases and a steady pulse. This style emerged in the late 20th century, primarily associated with composers like Steve Reich, Philip Glass, and Terry Riley. The essence of minimalism lies in its use of limited musical materials and simple, often repetitive structures, which create a hypnotic effect. The steady pulse contributes to a sense of continuity and allows listeners to engage with the music on both surface and deeper levels.

In contrast to music that utilizes varied and complex melodies or that focuses on vocal harmonies, minimalism typically avoids such intricacies in favor of simplicity and repetition. Additionally, while some minimalist works may carry political messages, the genre itself is not defined by this intent. Thus, the hallmark of minimalist music is indeed its characteristic use of short, repeating phrases, accompanied by a steady rhythmic foundation.